![]() In particular, we discuss the evolution and standardization of pathloss models, as well as large and small-scale fading parameters for single antenna and multiple antenna systems. This paper presents a historical overview of the standardized propagation models covering first to fifth-generation systems. These standardization activities were continued and expanded for the third, fourth, and fifth generations of COST, as well as by the Third Generation Partnership Project, and the International Telecommnunication Union. This motivated the development of the first standardized propagation model by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) 207 working group. The standardization of these systems started in the early/mid 1980s in Europe by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute with the advent of Global System for Mobile Communications. To meet the ever increasing data rate demands of wireless systems, frequency bands covering a wide range from 800 MHz to 100 GHz have been allocated for use. In the past five decades, wireless systems have gone through five generations, from supporting voice applications to enhanced mobile broadband. Before we build and operate real systems, we must understand the science of radio propagation, and develop channel models that both reflect the important propagation processes and allow a fair comparison of different systems. Propagation models constitute a fundamental building block of wireless communications research. ![]()
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